What Is a Synonym?
Synonyms are two different words that have the same, or very similar, meaning. They can be any part of speech, which is a category of words grouped together by their function (and include verbs, adjectives, adverbs, nouns, or prepositions), as long as both words are the same part of speech. This means that they both have to be nouns or both have to be verbs.
¿Qué es un sinónimo?
Los sinónimos son dos palabras diferentes que tienen el mismo significado o un significado muy similar. Pueden ser cualquier parte del discurso, que es una categoría de palabras agrupadas por su función (e incluyen verbos, adjetivos, adverbios, sustantivos o preposiciones), siempre que ambas palabras sean la misma parte del discurso. Esto significa que ambos tienen que ser sustantivos o ambos tienen que ser verbos.
O que é um sinônimo?
Sinônimos são duas palavras diferentes que têm o mesmo significado, ou muito semelhante. Eles podem ser qualquer parte do discurso, que é uma categoria de palavras agrupadas por sua função (e incluem verbos, adjetivos, advérbios, substantivos ou preposições), desde que ambas as palavras sejam a mesma parte do discurso. Isso significa que ambos têm que ser substantivos ou ambos têm que ser verbos.
A. Read the following article and replace the words in red for their synonyms below.
A. Read the following article and replace the words in red for their synonyms below.
A. Lea el siguiente artículo y reemplace las palabras en rojo por sus sinónimos a continuación.
A. Leia o artigo a seguir e substitua as palavras em vermelho por seus sinônimos abaixo.
Research Confirms It's Harder for Millennials to Get a 'Good' Job Than It Was for Boomers
It’s official: Landing a good job these days is much harder than it used to be.
Due in large part to increasingly common college-education requirements in the workplace, most older millennials aren’t able to land good jobs until their early 30s, according to new research from Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the Workforce. Boomers, on the other hand, were typically able to find good jobs in their mid-to-late 20s.
“To secure a good job, young adults need to acquire more education and high-quality work
experience than was necessary for previous generations,” the researchers wrote.
So what is a “good job,” exactly? The researchers defined the term as a job that supports a self-sufficient life — in other words, a living wage. At the national level, a good job must pay at least $35,000 for young workers under the age of 45. However, that standard of living varies geographically, so the researchers also set a baseline salary by location, which ranged from $29,700 in South Dakota to $47,000 in Washington, D.C. The definition did not include workplace benefits such as health care or employer-sponsored retirement plans.
The majority of older millennials did not meet this standard of employment they were 30. By contrast, most boomers had jobs that paid a living wage at the age of 27. While this three-year difference may seem small, the financial ramifications are not.
“There are consequences to the delayed transition to good jobs,” Artem Gulish, one of the authors, said in a statement. “For many young adults, not having a good job means not being able to buy a house, not being able to pay back their student loans, and not having sufficient financial security to pursue their aspirations.”
In addition to earnings, the researchers looked at the wealth of younger workers and found that older millennials are falling far behind the previous generation: Households led by 35-year-olds today have less than two-thirds of the wealth of similar households 20 years ago, after adjusting for inflation.
College degrees and good jobs
Educational debt only adds to the issue, the researchers noted. The double whammy for younger workers is that not only do good jobs require higher levels of education these days, but also college costs have skyrocketed since the '80s.
In 1985, for example, the total annual cost of attending a public, four-year university was about $9,100 on average, when adjusted for inflation. Twenty years later, it cost nearly $16,000. Ten years after that? About $21,000. In other words, between 1985 and 2015, the inflation-adjusted cost of attending a four-year public university increased more than 127%, according to data from the Education Department.
Despite all this, older millennials in general have been able to make up much of the lost ground compared to boomers — at least in terms of earnings.
By the age of 35, older millennials were actually more likely to hold a “good job” than boomers of the same age. That’s largely thanks to the earnings boost from their degrees.
Of course, not all millennials have college degrees. And the presence of unequal education levels creates yet another chasm among young workers in terms of who’s able to land a good job these days. Georgetown’s studies found that by the age of 35, 80% of older millennials with a bachelor’s degree had good jobs.
Unsurprisingly, as the level of education goes down, so does the percentage of millennials with good jobs: 56% of workers with some college or an associate’s degree had a good job; only 42% of workers with a high school diploma had good jobs; and 26% of workers who didn’t complete high school had a good job at 35.
B. Complete the sentences below with the words in blue in the article above and then translate it to your own language.
B. Complete las oraciones a continuación con las palabras en azul en el artículo anterior y luego tradúzcalo a su propio idioma.In 1985, for example, the total annual cost of attending a public, four-year university was about $9,100 on average, when adjusted for inflation. Twenty years later, it cost nearly $16,000. Ten years after that? About $21,000. In other words, between 1985 and 2015, the inflation-adjusted cost of attending a four-year public university increased more than 127%, according to data from the Education Department.
Despite all this, older millennials in general have been able to make up much of the lost ground compared to boomers — at least in terms of earnings.
By the age of 35, older millennials were actually more likely to hold a “good job” than boomers of the same age. That’s largely thanks to the earnings boost from their degrees.
Of course, not all millennials have college degrees. And the presence of unequal education levels creates yet another chasm among young workers in terms of who’s able to land a good job these days. Georgetown’s studies found that by the age of 35, 80% of older millennials with a bachelor’s degree had good jobs.
Unsurprisingly, as the level of education goes down, so does the percentage of millennials with good jobs: 56% of workers with some college or an associate’s degree had a good job; only 42% of workers with a high school diploma had good jobs; and 26% of workers who didn’t complete high school had a good job at 35.
B. Complete as frases abaixo com as palavras em azul no artigo acima e depois traduza para seu próprio idioma.
1. With values between 0 and 1, a low value indicates a more equal income distribution while a high value means more __________ income distribution.
2. Unfortunately, __________ , the CD has not been able
to reach a consensus on a programme of work.
3. Quite often, there is a __________ between what a person says he
believes in and how a person lives his life.
4. When drought hit, the farmers were already __________ on repaying their bank debts.
5. The export sector is expected to be hardest hit by the __________ of a severe shrinkage in trade financing and the curtailment of import demand in developed countries.
6. There was a __________ in sales this month because of the promotion.
C. Watch the video below, read the article and discuss with your teacher this subject.
Baby boomers, Gen X, Millennials or Y and Gen Z labels: Necessary or nonsense?
The fascinating evolution of all seven living generations, compared and contrasted through their unique perspectives over the course of 125 years in America.
Generational labels are an inescapable fixture of contemporary life. These terms have become a shorthand to evoke comparisons between young and old. Even government sources like Statistics Canada and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics use generational labels to present economic data.
But are they useful? The answer is complex and depends largely on the approach that researchers take.
Where did today’s generational labels come from?
Generational theory traces back to German sociologist Karl Mannheim and Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset, both of whom wrote about generations in the 1920s and 1930s. They argued that generations allow us to identify and connect with others who share the same journey through history.
Younger and older people react differently to the events of the day depending on where we are in our own life course when they occur. The events of 9/11, for example, had a different impact on older people with a lot of life experience behind them, than on teenagers, who had to live out their formative years in the post-9/11 era.
Today’s generational labels emerged in the post-war era when a spike in western birth rates created the demographic tsunami known as the “baby boom.” By the late 1960s when baby boomers were in their late-teens and early 20s, cultural anthropologist Margaret Mead described the “generation gap” between the youth culture and the established culture of the day. Two decades later, Canadian novelist Douglas Coupland captured the malaise of the post-boomer generation in Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture.
Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe coined the term millennials to refer to the generation born from the 1980s onward. By the late 1990s, generations and generational labels were firmly embedded in the popular culture: Generation X, Y, Z and so on.
Business books appeared that sought to characterize the various generational groups in terms of the purchasing preferences, use of technology, media consumption and work demands.
This view says each generational group is a fairly homogeneous group of people who share commonalities based on their formative experiences and differ from other generational groups in meaningful ways. Baby boomers are reduced to a caricature of self-centred workaholics; Generation Xers are labeled as “slackers”; millennials are materialistic and narcissistic; and Generation Z is viewed as fragile and hyper-sensitive.
These narratives are compelling in their simplicity. They reduce the bewildering complexity of social change into an easy-to-apply typology. Merely knowing someone’s year of birth seemingly gives you all you need to know to judge a person’s character, life goals, values and purchasing intentions. But how accurate are these characterizations?
What researchers say about generations
In the early 2000s, researchers started asking whether generational differences actually existed by comparing generational groups on a variety of factors, including personality, attitudes, values and behaviours. In a 2014 critical review, Lisa Kuron and I concluded that the evidence was inconclusive. Sure, there were observable differences on some factors, some of the time, but the observed differences were often small and were not consistently replicable.
The problem is, generations are really hard to measure.
It’s usually unclear what year separates the end of one generation and beginning of another. And it’s practically impossible to disentangle the effects of aging, birth cohort (the imprint of history on your life course) and varied societal conditions at the time of the study.
Second, and probably more importantly, there is philosophical debate about what generations are and how we should view them. Some researchers believe that your year of birth specifies your generation, which affects your personality, attitudes and behaviour. Others view generations as a more complex social phenomenon that shapes and reflects your identity, both as an individual and as a member of society.
Use of labels is not universal
Our research found that people use generational labels as they discuss lives at work and beyond, but the use of labels is not universal. Some people do not identify with any generational group and others are unsure. We also found that younger people are less likely to identify with a label, even though they are aware of the label that is typically applied to people their age.
In another study, we found that people perceived differences among generational groups, identified numerous tensions related to those differences and were able to name strategies to manage them. Our research suggests that generational labels are meaningful to people as a way of making sense of their place in a rapidly changing world.
As awareness of generational labels has become stronger in mainstream culture, people’s reactions to those labels has become more complex.
The term “millennial” was intended as an optimistic label for the children of a new era, but quickly devolved into an epithet. Similarly, while “baby boomer” originally denoted nothing more than a demographic categorization, the emergence of the “OK Boomer!” hashtag suggests that it has become a pejorative used to signify views that are out of touch with progressive values.
Generational labels do not explain the bulk of differences among individuals. However, they are meaningful to people. They simultaneously shape and reflect our perceptions about the roles of younger and older people in our society. So, when you use a generational label, consider what that says about you.
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